Atomic Swap-based American Call Option Contract Standard
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Simple Summary
A standard for token contracts providing Atomic Swap-based American Call Option functionalities.
Abstract
This standard provides functionality to make Atomic Swap-based American Call Option payment. The Atomic Swap protocol based on Hashed Time-Locked Contract (HTLC) 1 has optionality 2, and such optionality can be utilised to construct American Call Options without trusted third party. This standard defines the common way of implementing this protocol. In particular, this EIP defines technical terms, provides interfaces, and gives reference implementations of this protocol.
Motivation
Atomic Swap allows users to atomically exchange their tokens without trusted third parties while the HTLC is commonly used for the implementation. However, the HTLC-based Atomic Swap has optionality. More specifically, the swap initiator can choose to proceed or abort the swap for several hours, which gives him time for speculating according to the exchange rate. A discussion2 shows that the HTLC-based Atomic Swap is equivalent to an American Call Option in finance. On the other hand,thanks to such optionality, the HTLC-based Atomic Swap can be utilised to construct American Call Options without trusted third party. A paper3 proposes a secure Atomic-Swap-based American Call Option protocol on smart contracts. This protocol not only eliminates the arbitrage opportunity but also prevents any party from locking the other party's money maliciously. This EIP aims at providing the standard of implementing this protocol in existing token standards.
Specification
The Atomic Swap-based American Call Option smart contract should follow the syntax and semantics of Ethereum smart contracts.
Definitions
initiator
: the party who publishes the advertisement of the swap.participant
: the party who agrees on the advertisement and participates in the swap withinitiator
.asset
: the amount of token(s) to be exchanged.premium
: the amount of token(s) thatinitiator
pays toparticipant
as the premium.redeem
: the action to claim the token from the other party.refund
: the action to claim the token from the party herself/himself, because of timelock expiration.secrect
: a random string chosen byinitiator
as the preimage of a hash.secrectHash
: a string equals to the hash ofsecrect
, used for constructing HTLCs.timelock
: a timestamp representing the timelimit, before when the asset can be redeemed, and otherwise can only be refunded.
Storage Variables
swap
This mapping stores the metadata of the swap contracts, including the parties and tokens involved. Each contract uses different secretHash
, and is distinguished by secretHash
.
mapping(bytes32 => Swap) public swap;
initiatorAsset
This mapping stores the detail of the asset initiators want to sell, including the amount, the timelock and the state. It is associated with the swap contract with the same secretHash
.
mapping(bytes32 => InitiatorAsset) public initiatorAsset;
participantAsset
This mapping stores the details of the asset participants want to sell, including the amount, the timelock and the state. It is associated with the swap contract with the same secretHash
.
mapping(bytes32 => ParticipantAsset) public participantAsset;
premiumAsset
This mapping stores the details of the premium initiators attach in the swap contract, including the amount, the timelock and the state. It is associated with the swap contract with the same secretHash
.
mapping(bytes32 => Premium) public premium;
Methods
setup
This function sets up the swap contract, including the both parties involved, the tokens to exchanged, and so on.
function setup(bytes32 secretHash, address payable initiator, address tokenA, address tokenB, uint256 initiatorAssetAmount, address payable participant, uint256 participantAssetAmount, uint256 premiumAmount) public payable
initiate
The initiator invokes this function to fill and lock the token she/he wants to sell and join the contract.
function initiate(bytes32 secretHash, uint256 assetRefundTime) public payable
fillPremium
The initiator invokes this function to fill and lock the premium.
function fillPremium(bytes32 secretHash, uint256 premiumRefundTime) public payable
participate
The participant invokes this function to fill and lock the token she/he wants to sell and join the contract.
function participate(bytes32 secretHash, uint256 assetRefundTime) public payable
redeemAsset
One of the parties invokes this function to get the token from the other party, by providing the preimage of the hash lock secret
.
function redeemAsset(bytes32 secret, bytes32 secretHash) public
refundAsset
One of the parties invokes this function to get the token back after the timelock expires.
function refundAsset(bytes32 secretHash) public
redeemPremium
The participant invokes this function to get the premium. This can be invoked only if the participant has already invoked participate
and the participant's token is redeemed or refunded.
function redeemPremium(bytes32 secretHash) public
refundPremium
The initiator invokes this function to get the premium back after the timelock expires.
function refundPremium(bytes32 secretHash) public
Events
SetUp
This event indicates that one party has set up the contract using the function setup()
.
event SetUp(bytes32 secretHash, address initiator, address participant, address tokenA, address tokenB, uint256 initiatorAssetAmount, uint256 participantAssetAmount, uint256 premiumAmount);
Initiated
This event indicates that initiator
has filled and locked the token to be exchanged using the function initiate()
.
event Initiated(uint256 initiateTimestamp, bytes32 secretHash, address initiator, address participant, address initiatorAssetToken, uint256 initiatorAssetAmount, uint256 initiatorAssetRefundTimestamp);
Participated
This event indicates that participant
has filled and locked the token to be exchanged using the function participate()
.
event Participated(uint256 participateTimestamp, bytes32 secretHash, address initiator, address participant, address participantAssetToken, uint256 participantAssetAmount, uint256 participantAssetRefundTimestamp);
PremiumFilled
This event indicates that initiator
has filled and locked premium
using the function fillPremium()
.
event PremiumFilled(uint256 fillPremiumTimestamp, bytes32 secretHash, address initiator, address participant, address premiumToken, uint256 premiumAmount, uint256 premiumRefundTimestamp);
InitiatorAssetRedeemed/ParticipantAssetRedeemed
These two events indicate that asset
has been redeemed by the other party before the timelock by providing secret
.
event InitiatorAssetRedeemed(uint256 redeemTimestamp, bytes32 secretHash, bytes32 secret, address redeemer, address assetToken, uint256 amount);
event ParticipantAssetRedeemed(uint256 redeemTimestamp, bytes32 secretHash, bytes32 secret, address redeemer, address assetToken, uint256 amount);
InitiatorAssetRefunded/ParticipantAssetRefunded
These two events indicate that asset
has been refunded by the original owner after the timelock expires.
event InitiatorAssetRefunded(uint256 refundTimestamp, bytes32 secretHash, address refunder, address assetToken, uint256 amount);
event ParticipantAssetRefunded(uint256 refundTimestamp, bytes32 secretHash, address refunder, address assetToken, uint256 amount);
PremiumRedeemed
This event indicates that premium
has been redeemed by participant
. This implies that asset
is either redeemed by initiator
if it can provide the preimage of secrectHash
before asset
timelock expires; or refunded by participant
if asset
timelock expires.
event PremiumRedeemed(uint256 redeemTimestamp,bytes32 secretHash,address redeemer,address token,uint256 amount);
PremiumRefunded
This event indicates that premium
has been refunded back to initiator
, because of participant
doesn't participate at all, by the time of premium
timelock expires.
event PremiumRefunded(uint256 refundTimestamp, bytes32 secretHash, address refunder, address token, uint256 amount);
Rationale
- To achieve the atomicity, HTLC is used.
- The participant should decide whether to participate after the initiator locks the token and sets up the timelock.
- The initiator should decide whether to proceed the swap (redeem the tokens from the participant and reveal the preimage of the hash lock), after the participant locks the tokens and sets up the time locks.
- Premium is redeemable for the participant only if the participant participates in the swap and redeems the initiator's token before premium's timelock expires.
- Premium is refundable for the initiator only if the initiator initiates but the participant does not participate in the swap at all.
Security Considerations
- The
initiateTimestamp
should cover the whole swap process. - The participant should never participate before the premium has been deposited.
Backwards Compatibility
This proposal is fully backward compatible. Functionalities of existing standards will not be affected by this proposal, as it only provides additional features to them.
Implementation
Please visit here to find our example implementation.
Copyright
Copyright and related rights waived via CC0.