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EIP-4747

Simplify EIP-161

Simplify EIP-161 and retroactively deprecate unused aspects of it
StagnantStandards Track: Core
创建时间: 2022-02-02
关联 EIP: EIP-161
Peter Davies (@petertdavies)
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Abstract

Simplify the definition of EIP-161, removing the requirement for implementors to support edge cases that are impossible on Ethereum Mainnet.

Motivation

EIP-161 is overly complex and has a number of edge cases that are poorly documented and tested. This EIP takes advantage of the complete removal of all remaining empty accounts in block 14049881 (tx 0xf955834bfa097458a9cf6b719705a443d32e7f43f20b9b0294098c205b4bcc3d) to clarify it, and allows implementors to not implement various edge cases that never occurred and are not possible in the future.

In particular, this EIP permits implementors who do not wish to support historical blocks to not implement state clearing at all.

Specification

The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

Retroactively replace EIP-161, starting from its introduction in block 2675000, with the following rules:

a. When creating an account, set it's nonce to 1 prior to executing initcode.

b. When performing EVM execution treat all empty accounts as if they do not exist. Any operation that would create an empty account instead leaves it non-existent.

c. If one of the following events happens to an empty account X, it is deleted:

  1. X receives a zero value CALL.
  2. X is the recipient of a zero value transaction.
  3. X is the beneficiary of a SELFDESTRUCT with zero value.

If the transaction, CALL or SELFDESTRUCT is reverted, then the state clearing is also reverted. As a special case on Ethereum Mainnet, in block 2675119 (tx 0xcf416c536ec1a19ed1fb89e4ec7ffb3cf73aa413b3aa9b77d60e4fd81a4296ba), an empty call is made to an empty account at RIPEMD160 (precompile 0x3), the call fails out of gas, but the empty account is removed anyway.

The deletion MAY happen immediately or be processed at the end of the transaction. A client may assume that STATICCALLs to empty accounts never occur and that CALLs to empty accounts in STATICCALL contexts never occur.

On Ethereum Mainnet, the only state clearing events after the start of Byzantium are the two listed below. Clients MAY implement post Byzantium state clearing by hardcoding those events.

  • In block 4457731 (tx 0x63791f962e13e6b01ec13d38a8ab66c87c2f5a1768276f866300d900cca808fe), 0xd29DFe5aE95B5C067a91F472Dac0d9be6700A4A9 receives a zero value SELFDESTRUCT and is cleared.

  • In block 14049881 (tx 0xf955834bfa097458a9cf6b719705a443d32e7f43f20b9b0294098c205b4bcc3d), the following accounts receive zero value calls and are cleared.

    Accounts cleared
    0x01a3dd7d158e3b4c9d8d2af0ddcf3df0f5e14463
    0x0366c731dd7c095dc08896806765a649c6c0885a
    0x056c68da52395f1d42c5ba15c4fb956146a4f2c1
    0x070ba92497cd4b88a8a9a60795ca7d7f7de0faa3
    0x07a1648ce2bed6721a5d25de3c228a296d03fd52
    0x07b14ba68f474529cc0bd6a9bffee2bc4090d185
    0x07ea32232e37d44134a3071319d228bdab249a60
    0x096b7382500fa11c22c54c0422c5e38899a2e933
    0x09f3200441bd60522bcf28f3666f8e8dbd19fb62
    0x0ad0f3c60696adece09367a9a11c968fb88560bb
    0x0af6181e1db22071f38fc162e1610e29d288de04
    0x0cdc7fef8f8d0ee77360060930aada1263b26ff7
    0x0dac3d571eb5b884a2550db2791d5ac1efca306b
    0x0ec857faba49392080b68dd5074d85f34724d04a
    0x0f5054f9c674b37d15915ca8925f231edb3afa8c
    0x0f78d535e1faad9a982dca2a76d16da4649f7021
    0x104c5b235166f26df54f52666d5e77d9e03e353e
    0x106b47175965b6d607008544267c91490672a54f
    0x1223d5c03b4d52ebed43f781251098c9138c3dd7
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    0x12c814cebee6bb08a5d1b9d009332bf8b536d645
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    0x23acb760cebd01fe7c92361274a4077d37b59f4c
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    0x340399588bba5b843883d1ad7afd771a3651447a
    0x341d2b82d0924ef42d75ce053654295d34839459
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    0x377cb0d3427af7f06df47d2ab420458834bed1fc
    0x3d473af3e6ce45183c781b414e8a9edcb8b26f72
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    0x52b30ca3c2f8656e2c022e896bef7fad9a0449ca
    0x537a7030ecd9d159e8231ce31b0c2e83b4f9ed75
    0x5483a4c5583d5ba3db23676a3db346f47ba357e1
    0x55ec1a78a1187428dc0c67cbb77ae9fbdd61cc2a
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    0x5e9a0a1bdfdd868706f4554aae21bb2c46da32c2
    0x5f3f0d3215db85faa693d99acfb03cca66556671
    0x5f6aa25f22edb2347b464312e2508cbc4c6e0162
    0x6006f79e4104850ab7c9b0f75918c1e2cf6311df
    0x60f5da58bccb716f58b5759a06fc2167fe237c26
    0x62d3a444d0af59f9de79f8abeb5c942fcfbfbef5
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    0x7ec5da0f1036750688084252b802befe41551205
    0x82c9fcef4dd2d374b000063d4899a38a7219cdc7
    0x82fa2ab30a566ceeac987eb5510485be9382f130
    0x83d927aca3266f94e8163eaa32700c70e9b76e6e
    0x8476f7e193c930f21e88dae84888e0d8bfaf3ed8
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    0x8c07456cffd4254c89aaaa9d4e95c8b3e36c2a3b
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    0xa017226377e775af8e56450301cc035ae72267f8
    0xa1b423e024daf925f25296ea2efcf009cc328873
    0xa23c0cbfe59e8650277ffa635c59f287cece9087
    0xa340b7625eec76b372f2c317fe08a7733f05d09c
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    0xae0b03c8d8bf9cf71eda758e9e8b59c70a3b4580
    0xae365ff4b0c64413baf6f7dfdb5cd3fb65ad1376
    0xaf7e60d02b425b54730b7281a97d1640233704b0
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    0xbab14024437285c2e3b3c521abff96b0ef2e919f
    0xbaf0996297cc70fca1bee30162eabcd892f0574a
    0xbb01ea95321a94242c89479995b7e3f264cb46a0
    0xc1b37a3b7f76947e24cc2470e0e948aab0181346
    0xc24431c1a1147456414355b1f1769de450e524da
    0xc467b893e29277f9b62b4ed6c9ba054bd8225bff
    0xc4bc101a168ea2228973a65564a7d40a68528dd2
    0xc784626571c2c25cd2cfe24192a149cad86d40d8
    0xc7acf90a9f442855b8f291288bb5fb612536ed9b
    0xc9956593dbfb46cfd24686a365b34051a55abce6
    0xca2eb2af7dd7a90777c8c6456efcc00fe56dbd6f
    0xcb4bb078edaae9393c8da27b809aa9c0f4c920b7
    0xcc8f68e8e2d8196e2ecd0caf2f35b1611739a21f
    0xcd67903318a805d63fe79bf9b8401c1b79c6babf
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    0xefc5d9cabc0bda8124e1b821e8c86c7e7bf1e4bc
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Rationale

EIP-161 provides that empty accounts (accounts that have zero nonce, zero balance and no code, but that might have storage) can no longer be created and provides mechanism to remove old empty accounts. The last empty accounts were removed in block 14049881 (tx 0xf955834bfa097458a9cf6b719705a443d32e7f43f20b9b0294098c205b4bcc3d).

The complete removal of all empty accounts ensures that certain edgecases of EIP-161 can never occur on Ethereum Mainnet. Continuing to define and test those cases as part of the Ethereum Specification burdens future client implementors with unnecessary technical debt. This EIP declares those cases undefined and leaves clients free to assume they will not occur.

Backwards Compatibility

This EIP is identical to EIP-161 except for the following differences, none of which affect Ethereum Mainnet. The differences are:

"Potentially state-changing operations"

EIP-161 specifies 11 "potentially state-changing operations" that trigger state clearing. All but the 3 listed in this EIP are irrelevant, for the following reasons:

Impossible

  • Receiving zero value mining reward/fees (this would become possible after the merge).

Cannot happen to an empty account

  • Being the source of a CREATE.
  • Being the source of a CALL.
  • Being refunded by a SELFDESTRUCT

Causes the account to become non-empty

  • Being the sender of a message call transaction.
  • Being the sender of a contract creation transaction.
  • Being created by a CREATE.
  • Being created by a contract creation transaction.

Interaction with STATICCALL

The interaction between STATICCALL and account clearing has never been specified in an EIP. The Ethereum currently testsuite requires that STATICCALL triggers state clearing.

This EIP formally undefines all interactions between STATICCALL and state clearing as it has never happened on Ethereum Mainnet and cannot happen in future.

"At the end of the transaction"

This only makes a difference if an account is deleted and later recreated in the same transaction. This never happens on Ethereum Mainnet.

Test Cases

All test cases involving empty accounts in the Ethereum execution layer test suite shall be removed unless they relate to the Spurious Dragon Hardfork. If a Spurious Dragon test relates involved deprecated edgecase the test must be removed or reworked.

Other networks

Ropsten had empty accounts seeded at genesis. They appear to have been cleared early in Ropsten's history before the Byzantium hardfork. Ropsten has never been checked for edgecases occurring. All other Ethereum testnets have had EIP-161 from genesis.

As a security precaution all empty accounts on Ethereum Classic have been cleared, but no checks for edgecases occurring have been done. Due to EIP-161's age the vast majority of EVM compatible networks have supported it from genesis.

Security considerations

This EIP is only equivalent to EIP-161 on Ethereum Mainnet if the following facts are true:

  1. No empty accounts are ever touched and then reinstated in the same transaction.
  2. The transactions in the Appendix are the only state clearing transactions on Ethereum Mainnet after block 4370000 (start of Byzantium).
  3. All empty accounts have been removed on Ethereum Mainnet.

Copyright and related rights waived via CC0.

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