Delaying Difficulty Bomb to mid-September 2022
EIP-5133, titled "Delaying Difficulty Bomb to mid-September 2022," proposes a delay to the Ethereum difficulty bomb by an additional 700,000 blocks, which is expected to push the activation to mid-September 2022. The difficulty bomb, also known as the "Ice Age," is a mechanism that, if activated, would increase the difficulty of mining new blocks over time until it becomes infeasible, effectively leading to a halt in block production.
The proposal aims to prevent network degradation due to a premature activation of the difficulty bomb. It suggests a modification in the calculation of block difficulty, replacing the use of the actual block number with a "fake" block number that indicates the difficulty bomb is adjusting 11,400,000 blocks later than the actual block number.
The document includes a script to predict the block number at which the difficulty bomb will become noticeable. It anticipates 0.1s delays by mid-September and 0.6-1.2s delays by early October. The proposal also acknowledges potential security considerations, including the risk of misjudging the effects of the difficulty bomb, which could lead to longer block times than anticipated until a hard fork is released. It also notes the possibility of a significant drop in network hash rate before The Merge, which could accelerate the timeline by which the bomb is felt in block times.
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Original
Abstract
Starting with FORK_BLOCK_NUMBER the client will calculate the difficulty based on a fake block number suggesting to the client that the difficulty bomb is adjusting 11,400,000 blocks later than the actual block number.
Motivation
To avoid network degradation due to a premature activation of the difficulty bomb.
Specification
Relax Difficulty with Fake Block Number
For the purposes of calc_difficulty, simply replace the use of block.number, as used in the exponential ice age component, with the formula:
fake_block_number = max(0, block.number - 11_400_000) if block.number >= FORK_BLOCK_NUMBER else block.number
Rationale
The following script predicts the bomb will go off at block 15530314, which is expected to be mined around mid-September.
import math def predict_bomb_block(current_difficulty, diff_adjust_coeff, block_adjustment): ''' Predicts the block number at which the difficulty bomb will become noticeable. current_difficulty: the current difficulty diff_adjust_coeff: intuitively, the percent increase in work that miners have to exert to find a PoW block_adjustment: the number of blocks to delay the bomb by ''' return round(block_adjustment + 100000 * (2 + math.log2(diff_adjust_coeff * current_difficulty // 2048))) # current_difficulty = 13891609586928851 (Jun 01, 2022) # diff_adjust_coeff = 0.1 (historically, the bomb is noticeable when the coefficient is >= 0.1) # block_adjustment = 11400000 print(predict_bomb_block(13891609586928851, 0.1, 11400000))
Precise increases in block times are very difficult to predict (especially after the bomb is noticeable). However, based on past manifestations of the bomb, we can anticipate 0.1s delays by mid-September and 0.6-1.2s delays by early October.
Backwards Compatibility
No known backward compatibility issues.
Security Considerations
Misjudging the effects of the difficulty can mean longer blocktimes than anticipated until a hardfork is released. Wild shifts in difficulty can affect this number severely. Also, gradual changes in blocktimes due to longer-term adjustments in difficulty can affect the timing of difficulty bomb epochs. This affects the usability of the network but unlikely to have security ramifications.
In this specific instance, it is possible that the network hashrate drops considerably before The Merge, which could accelerate the timeline by which the bomb is felt in block times. The offset value chosen aims to take this into account.
Copyright
Copyright and related rights waived via CC0.
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